Multiple adaptive substitutions during evolution in novel environments.

2 01 1 Multiple adaptive substitutions during evolution in novel environments

Evolution of clonal populations approaching a fitness peak

Populations facing novel environments are expected to evolve through the accumulation of adaptive substitutions. The dynamics of adaptation depend on the fitness landscape and possibly on the genetic background on which new mutations arise. Here, we model the dynamics of adaptive evolution at the phenotypic and genotypic levels, focusing on a Fisherian landscape characterized by a single peak. ...

Uniparental Inheritance Promotes Adaptive Evolution in Cytoplasmic Genomes.

Eukaryotes carry numerous asexual cytoplasmic genomes (mitochondria and plastids). Lacking recombination, asexual genomes should theoretically suffer from impaired adaptive evolution. Yet, empirical evidence indicates that cytoplasmic genomes experience higher levels of adaptive evolution than predicted by theory. In this study, we use a computational model to show that the unique biology of cy...

Rapid evolution of an X-linked microRNA cluster in primates.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a growing class of small RNAs (about 22 nt) that play crucial regulatory roles in the genome by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Most of the identified miRNAs are highly conserved among species, indicating strong functional constraint on miRNA evolution. However, nonconserved miRNAs may contribute to functional novelties during evolution. Recently...

Tuning of Extended Kalman Filter using Self-adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm for Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive

In this paper, a novel method based on a combination of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) with Self-adaptive Differential Evolution (SaDE) algorithm to estimate rotor position, speed and machine states for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is proposed. In the proposed method, as a first step SaDE algorithm is used to tune the noise covariance matrices of state noise and measurement noise i...